Simo ComU use software to set up and adjust the speed up debugging, maintenance schedule, but if repairs to debug live without computers or without Simo ComU software, 611U/Ue drive settings and adjustments can also be set up on the drive and operation of panel.
⑴ operator panel display
The use of 6 on the drive liquid crystal display, the drive can display the following three ways:
① turned on display.
- For the first time the new drive boot, the display will show "A1106", or "b1106", prompt commissioning personnel enter "power module code" and other initialization parameters;
- For normal work the drive, the display will show "-run", said the drive is already in the "Run" state.
In this display mode, through the operation panel "+""-"" P "key to enter the parameters displayed.
② parameter display.
Parameter Display for selecting the parameters or sub-parameter which indicates or modify the parameters or sub-parameter.
Parameters can be displayed in the "Boot status shows", "alarm display" mode, through the operation panel "+""-"" P "key to enter.
In the parameter display mode, can not normally go back to the other display, such as the need to re-boot approach, into the other display.
③ Alarm display.
Alarm display for the display driver in the last one occurred in error or warning number.
In this display mode, through the operation panel on the "-" key to enter the parameters displayed.
⑵ the use of control panel buttons
Drive configuration and operation of the panel layout has "+""-"" P "three buttons, depending on the circumstances, the respective keys have the following effects.
① parameter display.
In the parameter display mode, the button functions as follows:
Individual click "+": increase of parameter No. "1", or select the next parameter number;
Single click "-": decrease parameter number "1", or the choice of a parameter number;
Separately by "P": display sub-parameter number, or display the parameter values;
Press the "+" and "P": Fast search down the other parameters;
Press the "-" and "P": fast up and search for other parameters;
Press the "+" and "-": the use of dual-axis drive, display the same parameters to another drive shaft.
② sub-parameter display.
In the sub-parameter display mode, the button functions as follows:
Individual click "+": increase in sub-parameter number "1", or return to the parameter display mode;
Single click "-": sub-parameter to reduce number "1", or return to the parameter display mode;
Separately by "P": display sub-parameter value;
Press the "+" and "P": Fast search down to other sub-parameters;
Press the "-" and "P": fast up and search for other sub-parameters;
Press the "+" and "-": the use of dual-axis drive, display the same sub-parameters of the other drive shaft.
③ parameter value display.
In the parameter value display mode, the button functions as follows:
Individual click "+": an increase in the last parameter value "1";
Single click "-": a reduction of the final parameter value "1";
Separately by "P": Back to the parameters or sub-parameter number display;
Press the "+" and "P": a rapid increase in the parameter value;
Press the "-" and "P": the parameter value rapidly reduced;
⑶ parameter settings and changes
Drive parameter settings follow these steps:
① connected to the drive power, the drive displays "-run";
② Press "P" button, the display into the "parameter display" mode;
③ According to the needs of the use of dual-axis drive, for the first two parameters of the drive shaft changes should also press the "+" and "-" key to show the first two-axis drive parameters;
④ Click "+", parameter numbers increase, select the parameters P0651;
⑤ Press "P" key, indicating P0651 parameter values;
⑥ Click "+" several times, set P0651 parameter value of "4" (or other value), lift the "parameter protection";
⑦ Press "P" button to return to parameter number display;
④ ~ ⑦ ⑧ follow the steps one by one to change the parameter values need to be amended. When the value of change is larger, you can press the "+" and "P" key, so that a rapid increase in the parameter value; or press the "-" and "P", so that rapid decrease in the parameter value;
⑨ change is complete, follow the steps ④ ~ ⑦ P0652 set to "1", the implementation of "parameter write" operation, the drive parameters will be automatically sent to the FEPROM from RAM to store. Write is complete, parameter P0652 automatically revert to "0."
⑩ reset the P0651 parameter value of "0" so that effect is written to protect.
Tuesday, November 24, 2009
AC servo motor structure and control principle
Like with ordinary motors, AC servo motor also constituted by the stator and rotor. There are two stator windings, the excitation winding and control winding, the two windings in the space difference between the 90 ° electric angle. Servo motor is a permanent magnet inside the rotor, drive gS control u / V / W three-phase power to form the rotor electromagnetic fields under the influence of this magnetic field rotation, while built-in encoder motor feedback signals to the drive, the drive values and goals based on feedback to compare the value to adjust the angle of the rotor rotation. Determined by the precision of servo motor encoder accuracy (line number).
The working principle of AC servo motors and single-phase induction motor is essentially no difference. However, the AC servo motor must have a performance AC servo motor is able to overcome the so-called "rotation" phenomenon, that is, no control signal, it should not be turning, especially when it has been in the rotation, if the control signal disappears, it should be immediately stop turning. Ordinary induction motor rotation up later, such as the control signal disappear, often continued to rotate.
When the motor is still original state, such as the control winding voltage is uncontrolled, this time only the field winding magnetic field pulse generated electricity. Pulsating magnetic field can be regarded as two circular rotating magnetic field. The two circular rotating magnetic field with the same size and speed, in the opposite direction of rotation, the establishment of the positive and reverse rotating magnetic field were cut cage winding (or cup-shaped wall), and sensor out of the same size and phase reverse electromotive force and the current (or eddy current), these currents were generated magnetic field with the respective moments are also equal and opposite, synthetic torque is zero, servo motor rotor to switch it up. Once the control system error signal, the control winding must accept corresponding to the control voltage. Under normal circumstances, the motor internally generated magnetic field is oval-shaped rotating magnetic field. An elliptical rotating magnetic field can be seen as synthesized by the two circular rotating magnetic field together. The two circular rotating magnetic field amplitude range (with the original elliptical rotating magnetic field to switch the magnetic field is being turned to the same large, with the original turn in the opposite reversal of a small magnetic field), but at the same speed, to rotate in the opposite direction. They cut the rotor winding induction of electric potential and current, as well as the electromagnetic torque is also generated in the opposite direction, size range (positive turn have a large, inverted are small) synthesis of torque is not zero, so the servo motor is transferred toward the direction of the magnetic field rotation up, with the signal strength, the magnetic field near the circle, this time is to switch the magnetic field and the torque increases, reversing the magnetic field and the torque decreases, synthetic torque larger, such as the load torque constant, rotor speed has increased. If you change the control voltage of the phase, that is, phase-shifted 180o, turn in the opposite rotating magnetic field, resulting in the opposite direction of the synthesis of torque, servo motor will be reversed. If the control signal disappeared, and only pass into the field winding current, servo motor will be a pulsating magnetic field generated by magnetic field, the rotor quickly stopped.
In order to have the AC servo motor control signal disappeared immediately stop rotating features, it's the rotor resistance are particularly large, it's critical slip Sk greater than 1. The motor is running, if the control signal reduced to "zero", excitation current still exists, generate a pulse of air gap magnetic field, this pulsating magnetic field can be regarded as forward and reverse rotating magnetic field rotating magnetic field synthesis. Once the control signal disappeared, air-gap magnetic field into a pulsating magnetic field, which can be regarded as forward and reverse rotating magnetic field rotating magnetic field of synthetic motor that is run by synthetic characteristic curve. As the rotor inertia, operating point moves from the A-point B-point, this time produced a motor rotating in the opposite direction with the original rotor braking torque. The load torque and braking torque rapidly under the action of the rotor to stop.
Must be pointed out that ordinary two-phase and three-phase induction motor under normal circumstances are the symmetrical mode of operation, asymmetric operation is of a fail state. The AC servo motor can be run by different levels of asymmetry to achieve control purposes. This is the AC servo motor is running with the fundamental difference between ordinary induction motor.
On the servo drive's response rate, the smallest amount of torque mode operation, the drive for the fastest response to control signals; position mode operation the largest, the drive control signals in response to the slowest.
The dynamic performance of the movement has a relatively high demand, we need time to adjust the motor. So, if the controller itself, the computing speed is very slow (eg, PLC, or low-end motion controller), on the location of control of use. If the controller calculation speed is faster, you can use the speed mode, the position loop controller from the drive to reduce the workload of the drive to improve efficiency (such as most of the high-end motion controller); If you have a better control of the Upper device, it can control the torque, the speed loop away from the drive, which is generally only a high-end dedicated controller can be so dry, but this time completely without the use of servo motors.
Another way is:
1, torque control: torque control method is through an external analog input or direct address of the assignment to set the motor shaft the size of the external output torque, is specifically expressed in the corresponding 5Nm for example 10V, so that when the external analog-based fixed 5V output when the motor shaft 2.5Nm: If the motor shaft when the motor load is less than 2.5Nm turn, the external load is equal to 2.5Nm when the motor does not turn, is greater than 2.5Nm reversed when the motor (usually in a gravity load conditions generation). Can be simulated by changing the amount of real-time settings to change the size of set torque, but also by means of communication to change the address of the corresponding values to achieve. Applied mainly in the right material, there are strict requirements force the winding and unwinding devices, such as Rao-line devices or pulling fiber optic equipment, torque settings according to the changes in the radius of the winding change at any time to ensure that the material Shouli Bu With the winding radius of the changes will change.
2, position control: position control mode is usually through an external input pulse frequency to determine the size of the rotation speed by the number of pulses to determine the angle of rotation, while others can communicate directly to servo speed and displacement of the assignment. Given the strategic location of speed and position of patterns can have a very strict control, it is generally used in positioning devices. Applications such as CNC machine tools, printing machinery and so on.
3, the speed mode: The analog input or pulse frequency of rotation can be speed control, control devices, where the upper outer PID control of the speed model also can be positioned, but must be the motor position signal or direct load feedback signals to the upper position in order to do computation. Location model in support of direct-load outer position signal detected at this time of the motor shaft encoder detects only the motor speed, position signals by direct detection of the ultimate load device to provide such advantages can be reduced during the middle of transmission error, increasing the positioning accuracy of the whole system.
The working principle of AC servo motors and single-phase induction motor is essentially no difference. However, the AC servo motor must have a performance AC servo motor is able to overcome the so-called "rotation" phenomenon, that is, no control signal, it should not be turning, especially when it has been in the rotation, if the control signal disappears, it should be immediately stop turning. Ordinary induction motor rotation up later, such as the control signal disappear, often continued to rotate.
When the motor is still original state, such as the control winding voltage is uncontrolled, this time only the field winding magnetic field pulse generated electricity. Pulsating magnetic field can be regarded as two circular rotating magnetic field. The two circular rotating magnetic field with the same size and speed, in the opposite direction of rotation, the establishment of the positive and reverse rotating magnetic field were cut cage winding (or cup-shaped wall), and sensor out of the same size and phase reverse electromotive force and the current (or eddy current), these currents were generated magnetic field with the respective moments are also equal and opposite, synthetic torque is zero, servo motor rotor to switch it up. Once the control system error signal, the control winding must accept corresponding to the control voltage. Under normal circumstances, the motor internally generated magnetic field is oval-shaped rotating magnetic field. An elliptical rotating magnetic field can be seen as synthesized by the two circular rotating magnetic field together. The two circular rotating magnetic field amplitude range (with the original elliptical rotating magnetic field to switch the magnetic field is being turned to the same large, with the original turn in the opposite reversal of a small magnetic field), but at the same speed, to rotate in the opposite direction. They cut the rotor winding induction of electric potential and current, as well as the electromagnetic torque is also generated in the opposite direction, size range (positive turn have a large, inverted are small) synthesis of torque is not zero, so the servo motor is transferred toward the direction of the magnetic field rotation up, with the signal strength, the magnetic field near the circle, this time is to switch the magnetic field and the torque increases, reversing the magnetic field and the torque decreases, synthetic torque larger, such as the load torque constant, rotor speed has increased. If you change the control voltage of the phase, that is, phase-shifted 180o, turn in the opposite rotating magnetic field, resulting in the opposite direction of the synthesis of torque, servo motor will be reversed. If the control signal disappeared, and only pass into the field winding current, servo motor will be a pulsating magnetic field generated by magnetic field, the rotor quickly stopped.
In order to have the AC servo motor control signal disappeared immediately stop rotating features, it's the rotor resistance are particularly large, it's critical slip Sk greater than 1. The motor is running, if the control signal reduced to "zero", excitation current still exists, generate a pulse of air gap magnetic field, this pulsating magnetic field can be regarded as forward and reverse rotating magnetic field rotating magnetic field synthesis. Once the control signal disappeared, air-gap magnetic field into a pulsating magnetic field, which can be regarded as forward and reverse rotating magnetic field rotating magnetic field of synthetic motor that is run by synthetic characteristic curve. As the rotor inertia, operating point moves from the A-point B-point, this time produced a motor rotating in the opposite direction with the original rotor braking torque. The load torque and braking torque rapidly under the action of the rotor to stop.
Must be pointed out that ordinary two-phase and three-phase induction motor under normal circumstances are the symmetrical mode of operation, asymmetric operation is of a fail state. The AC servo motor can be run by different levels of asymmetry to achieve control purposes. This is the AC servo motor is running with the fundamental difference between ordinary induction motor.
On the servo drive's response rate, the smallest amount of torque mode operation, the drive for the fastest response to control signals; position mode operation the largest, the drive control signals in response to the slowest.
The dynamic performance of the movement has a relatively high demand, we need time to adjust the motor. So, if the controller itself, the computing speed is very slow (eg, PLC, or low-end motion controller), on the location of control of use. If the controller calculation speed is faster, you can use the speed mode, the position loop controller from the drive to reduce the workload of the drive to improve efficiency (such as most of the high-end motion controller); If you have a better control of the Upper device, it can control the torque, the speed loop away from the drive, which is generally only a high-end dedicated controller can be so dry, but this time completely without the use of servo motors.
Another way is:
1, torque control: torque control method is through an external analog input or direct address of the assignment to set the motor shaft the size of the external output torque, is specifically expressed in the corresponding 5Nm for example 10V, so that when the external analog-based fixed 5V output when the motor shaft 2.5Nm: If the motor shaft when the motor load is less than 2.5Nm turn, the external load is equal to 2.5Nm when the motor does not turn, is greater than 2.5Nm reversed when the motor (usually in a gravity load conditions generation). Can be simulated by changing the amount of real-time settings to change the size of set torque, but also by means of communication to change the address of the corresponding values to achieve. Applied mainly in the right material, there are strict requirements force the winding and unwinding devices, such as Rao-line devices or pulling fiber optic equipment, torque settings according to the changes in the radius of the winding change at any time to ensure that the material Shouli Bu With the winding radius of the changes will change.
2, position control: position control mode is usually through an external input pulse frequency to determine the size of the rotation speed by the number of pulses to determine the angle of rotation, while others can communicate directly to servo speed and displacement of the assignment. Given the strategic location of speed and position of patterns can have a very strict control, it is generally used in positioning devices. Applications such as CNC machine tools, printing machinery and so on.
3, the speed mode: The analog input or pulse frequency of rotation can be speed control, control devices, where the upper outer PID control of the speed model also can be positioned, but must be the motor position signal or direct load feedback signals to the upper position in order to do computation. Location model in support of direct-load outer position signal detected at this time of the motor shaft encoder detects only the motor speed, position signals by direct detection of the ultimate load device to provide such advantages can be reduced during the middle of transmission error, increasing the positioning accuracy of the whole system.
Some introductory remarks on the encoder
1: Selection of incremental rotary encoder which Note: 1. Armed installation dimensions, including location only the mouth of the shaft diameter, the installation holes; cable outlet way; installation space volume; work environment protection rating meets the requirements.
2. Resolution, that is, the work of each encoder output pulse lap number, is designed to be used to meet the required precision.
3. Electrical interface, the encoder outputs are push-pull output common mode (F-type HTL format), voltage output (E), open collector (C, common C for the NPN-tube output, C2 for the PNP-tube output), long-term driver outputs. A manner that its output and its control system interface circuit match.
2 How to use an incremental encoder? 1, incremental rotary encoder with resolution of differences, using the number of pulses generated by each lap to measure the number from 6-5400 or higher, and pulse a few more higher the resolution; this is an important basis for selection of one.
2, incremental encoders are usually three-way signal output (differential and six-channel signal): A, B, and Z, generally use the TTL-level, A pulse in the former, B pulse in the post, A, B pulse difference of 90 degrees, each Circle issued a Z pulse can be used as reference to machine zero. Ahead of the general use of A or B to B ahead of A to contracting, our company is defined as the incremental encoder shaft encoder clockwise to see a positive change, A ahead of B is 90 °, the other hand anti-clockwise rotation for the reverse B ahead of A is 90 °. There are not the same, look at product description.
3, using PLC data collection may make use of high-speed counting module; the use of IPC data collection may make use of high-speed counting board; the use of microcomputer data acquisition, the proposed use with optical coupler input port.
4, the proposed B-pulse becoming obedient to the (forward) Pulse, A pulse did reverse (backward) pulse, Z origin of zero pulse.
5, set up in the electronic device counts the stack
3: from proximity switches, photoelectric switches to the Rotary Encoder: industrial control positioning, proximity switches, photoelectric switches application has been quite mature, and it just works. However, with the IPC continues to develop, there has been new requirements, so that the application of rotary encoders use advantages of the highlights:
Information: In addition to positioning, the control room can also be aware of their specific location;
Flexible: Positioning in the control room flexible adjustment;
On-site installation of convenience and safety, longevity: fist the size of a rotary encoder, can be measured from several μ to dozens, hundreds of meters distance, n a working position, as long as a rotary encoder to solve installation problems of security, you can to avoid a lot of proximity switches, photoelectric switches installed in the field machine trouble, was damaged and was easy to heat, water, gas trouble and other issues. Because it is optical encoder, no mechanical wear and tear, as long as the installation location accuracy of their service life is often very long.
Multi-function: In addition to location, you can also FET current position, velocity conversion for the inverter, stepping motor applications such as particularly important.
Economic-oriented: For multiple control stations, only the cost of a rotary encoder, and more the main installation, maintenance, loss, cost reduction, service life of growth, its economy based increasingly to the fore.
4: Power supply and encoder and PLC connection: General encoder Power Supply There are three: 5Vdc ,5-13 Vdc or 11-26Vdc. If you are buying Encoder is 11-26Vdc, and can use PLC's 24V power supply, take note:
1. Encoder current consumption, in the PLC, Power range.
2. The case of parallel output of the encoder to connect PLC's I / O points, need to know the encoder signal level is a push-pull (or push-pull) output or open collector output, the case of open-collector output, there are N-type and P-type two, the need and the PLC, I / O polarity of the same. The case of push-pull outputs to connect without any problems.
3. Encoder case of driver output, the general signal level is 5V, and the connection time to be careful not to let the 24V power supply into the 5V level string signal wiring damage to the end of the encoder signals.
5: Interference caused by bad wave, resulting in count are not allowed. How to judge? The encoder is a precision components, mainly because of the encoder around the more serious interference, such as: whether there are large electric motors, electric welding machine caused by frequent start-interference, whether the same pipeline and power line transmission.
Choice of what kind of output to the interference is also very important, the general output signal with interference better than the reverse, namely, A ~ A-, B ~ B-, Z ~ Z-, is characterized with the power eight lines, while the than five lines (a total of zero). With a reverse signal in the cable transmission is symmetrical, a small disturbance in the receiving device can also be an additional judge (for example, the signal receiving equipment, the use of A, B signal 90 ° phase difference, read the level of 10,11 , 01,00 four kinds of condition, counted as a valid pulse, this program can effectively improve the system anti-jamming performance (an accurate count)).
Is the encoder also has good and bad, its encoder \ electronic chip \ internal circuit \ signal output vary considerably, which is why a 1000-line incremental encoder from 300 yuan to 3,000 yuan in the reasons for the difference. ① exclusion (relocated, closed, isolated) interference sources, ② to determine whether the cumulative gap for the mechanical errors, ③ to determine whether the control system and the encoder circuit interface does not match the (encoder selection error); ① ② ③ Method else is even trying after the failure the phenomenon of exclusion, may be a preliminary judge, If you do not rule out the need for further analysis.
Encoder to determine whether a simple method is own fault exclusion. Exclusion of the specific method is: the same model with a single encoder to replace up, if the failure phenomenon of the same can basically rule out the possibility encoder failure, because there are two encoders at the same time a small probability of failure events may be small, you can considered as 0. If the same model encoders replace it up, breakdown phenomenon at once removed, can be found is the basic encoder failure.
6: What is long-term drive? Common type encoder can telematics? , Also known as Differential Line Driver Line Driver, 5V, TTL positive and negative waveform symmetry, because of its positive and negative current in the opposite direction, to offset the external electromagnetic field, so anti-interference ability.
Common type encoder general transmission distance is 100 meters, if it is 24V HTL-type and there is a negative signal symmetry, the transmission distance of 300-400 meters.
7: rotary encoder detecting linear displacement method? 1, the use of "flexible Couplings" will be driven rotary encoders and linear displacement of the power unit directly linked spindle axis.
2, using a small gear (spur gear, bevel gear or worm gear) box in conjunction with the power unit shaft.
3, using the straight rack gear to pass on a rotating linear displacement information.
4, in the transmission chain sprocket on a straight-line displacement to obtain the information.
5, in the synchronous belt wheel gain linear displacement information.
6, using the rotating wheel equipped with magnetic linear displacement encoder in the formation of the steel surface to obtain displacement information (to avoid the slip).
7, using a similar "steel tape measure," "may retracting wire assembly" Connect rotary encoder to detect linear displacement information (data processing required to overcome the stacked winding error).
8, similar to 7, using a small torque motor with a "retractable steel wire assembly" Connect rotary encoder to detect linear displacement information (currently in Germany, a similar product, complex structure, almost no laminated winding error)
8: Incremental Grating Z signal can be used as zero? Radial grating encoder How to choose?
Both linear grating or its Z-axis encoder signal can reach with the A \ B the same accuracy as the signal, only one shaft encoder is a circle, while the straight-line grating is a certain distance intervals, with the signal can reach a very a high repeatability. Can first close switch with ordinary first position, and then find the closest Z-signals (each in the same direction to find), filled with hope when the do not forget its phase modulation and phase grating line, otherwise not allowed.
Segmentation accuracy based on your requirements, and resolution requirements selection. High precision, naturally choose a week-lined high accuracy is not high, there is no need to choose the number of high-lined circular grating encoder has.
9: incremental encoder and absolute encoder What's the difference? Servo system how to make a choice? Commonly used for the incremental encoder, if the right position, the stringent requirements of zero-bit absolute-type encoder. Servo system to a specific analysis to see applications.
Measuring the speed with commonly used incremental encoder, unlimited accumulation measurement; measuring absolute position encoder, the location and uniqueness (single ring or multiple ring) with a final look at applications to see to achieve the purpose and requirements.
10: absolute type rotary encoder selection of attention, rotary encoders and proximity switches, photoelectric switches advantage of comparison: absolute encoder lap 8 from the economy to high-precision 17, the price from several hundred dollars to more than 1 trillion range;
The majority of multi-turn absolute encoder with 25-bit, output has SSI, bus, Profibus-DP, Can L2, Interbus, DeviceNet, the price is also available from more than three to more than 1 range.
Rotary optical encoder measuring the angle and length, is already a very mature technology, and today a large number of range then the high-precision absolute-type encoder, greatly increased the accuracy and reliability, but also economical and practical. For now, it is still is a measure of the length of the maximum choice.
11: from an incremental encoder to the absolute encoder: rotary incremental encoder to rotate when the output pulse, through the counting device to know its location, when the encoder is not fixed or a power outage, the device's internal memory to rely on counting to remember the location. Thus, when the power failure, the encoder can not have any movement, when the phone work, the encoder output pulse process can not be lost of interference pulse, otherwise the count will be offset zero memory devices, and this partial the amount of shift is not know, only the production of errors be known until after the outcome.
The solution is to increase the reference point after the encoder for each reference point, a reference location of the amendment into the counting device memory locations. In the reference point before, we can not guarantee the accuracy of the location. To this end, the IPC will have to go first to a reference point for each operation, the boot Keep the change and other methods. Optical encoder absolute encoder that there are many Road groove, each groove followed by a 2 line, 4 lines, 8 lines, 16 lines. . . . . . Arranged, so that every one in the encoder position, by reading the line Every moment pass, dark, get a group from two to two zero-th power n-1 th power of the only two binary code ( Gray code), which is called n-bit absolute encoder. This encoder is a mechanical position by the encoder decide, it is not power failures, interference effects.
Absolute encoder determined by the mechanical position of the uniqueness of each location, it did not have memory, without the need to find a reference point, and do not always count, and when you need to know the location when the position went to read it. In this way, the encoder anti-jamming features, the reliability of data is greatly enhanced.
As the absolute encoder positioning in the location is obviously superior to incremental encoders, has been increasingly applied to industrial control positioning.
Measurement speed can be infinitely need to accumulate measurement, the current incremental encoder in speed applications are still in no position to replace the mainstream.
12: Using the absolute encoder should pay attention to what matters?
I). Mechanical parts:
1. Measuring length and angle measurement, the measured length of how mechanical conversion (there are some in the above description, such as the call is not clear to discussion). Measured angle is 360 degrees inside the (single circle), or may be too 360 degree (multi-turn). The direction of the production process is a rotating cycle to work, or back and forth direction of the work cycle.
2. Shaft connected to install the form, there are axial coupling through the soft link, or sleeve-type connections.
3. Use of the environment: dust, water vapor, vibration, impact?
(B) Electrical parts
1. Connect the output of receiving part of that?
2. Signal form?
3. Resolution requirements?
4. Control requirements?
12: From the single-ring absolute encoder to the multi-turn absolute encoder: rotary single-ring absolute encoder to measure the optical code disk rotating the Road engraved lines in order to obtain a unique code, when more than 360-degree rotation When encoding back to square one, so that is not consistent with the principle of absolute encoding only, so that encoders can be used only within a 360-degree rotation range of measurement, known as the single-ring absolute encoder.
If you want to rotate over 360 degrees range of measurement, it is necessary to use multi-turn absolute encoder.
Encoder manufacturers to use the principle of mechanical clock gears, when the center encoder rotation, through another set of gear transmission encoder (or group of gear, multiple sets of code plate), in a single lap on the basis of coding to increase the number of laps coding, in order to expand the scope of the encoder measurement, so that the absolute encoder is called multi-turn-type absolute encoder, which is also determined by the mechanical position code, the only non-duplication of code for each location, without memory.
Another advantage of multi-turn encoder is due to measuring range, the actual use is often more affluent, so that unnecessary struggling to find zero installation will be an intermediate position can be as a starting point, while greatly simplifying the installation and debugging more difficult.
Multi-turn-type absolute encoder positioning in the length of the obvious advantages, has become increasingly applied to industrial control positioning.
13: absolute-type encoder serial and parallel output information: the absolute encoder output is a number of digital (Gray code or pure binary code), parallel output interface is a little more high-low output, in order to on behalf of digital 1 or 0, for the median absolute encoder is not high, the general form of the output directly as a digital, direct access to PLC or host computer's I / O interface, the output immediately, the connection simple. But the parallel output of the following questions:
1. Must be a Gray code, as the case of a pure binary code, refresh the data may have a number of changes, readings will result in the wrong code in a short time.
2. All interfaces must ensure that the connection is good, because if the individual connection bad point, the point potential is always 0, resulting in the wrong code can not be judged.
3. Transmission distance can not be far, usually 12 meters, for complex environments, preferably isolated.
4. For more digits, to many-core cable, and to ensure that the connection quality, and the resulting difficulty of engineering, the same for the encoder to the same time, there are many nodes in the output to increase the failure rate of the encoder failure.
Parallel: timing, the data also issued; space, each digit of data with the occupation of a cable.
Incremental encoder output is usually parallel output.
Serial output:
Serial output is through the convention, in time, there has a data output, such an agreement known as the communication protocol, which connect the physical form of RS232, RS422 (TTL), RS485 and so on.
Less serial output cable, transmission distance, for the protection and reliability of the encoder will be greatly increased, the number of general high absolute encoders are serial output.
As the absolute encoder of some well-known manufacturers in Germany, so most of the serial output is supporting Germany's Siemens, such as synchronous serial output SSI, PROFIBUS-DP bus type is the output and so on.
Serial output encoder to connect Germany's Siemens equipment is relatively easy, but non-German line connecting the equipment, the interface is the problem, and I offer a variety of interface output devices, can solve this problem.
Serial: time, the data in accordance with convention, there are successively; space, all the data bits are in a group of cable on the (order) issued.
14: Serial Encoder should all be absolute it? Serial is defined as the time agreed, serial output digital code signals, the basic is absolute, but there are also some incremental encoder, through the built-in battery memory of the origin, its You can also place the serial output value, such as the battery cable is not associated or incremental encoder, this is also known as pseudo-absolute encoder, servo system in a number of Japan's more, see. In fact, by its very nature, or an incremental encoder.
15: Why is "an absolute encoder"? "Absolute encoder," as opposed to "incremental encoder" is concerned.
"Absolute encoder," expressed in some way, and remember to use an object's absolute position, angle and number of laps. That, once the position, angle and circle the number of fixed, when the encoder values are indicated only a fixed, including the electricity blackouts after the vote. "Incremental encoder," can not do this. General "incremental encoder" output 2 A, B pulse signal, and a Z (L) the zero bit signal, A, B pulse in each 90-degree phase angle difference. By pulse counting can know position, angle and circle the number of increments, through the A, B pulse signal advance or delay can know the direction of power failure, you must start again from the agreed baseline count. , "Incremental Encoder" for position, angle and circle the number of post-processing needs to be done to re-cast power to do, "re-zero" operation, therefore, "Incremental Encoder" than "absolute encoder" in cheaper price许多.
16: photoelectric encoder, optical electronic scale and static magnetic gate advantages and disadvantages of an absolute encoder? 1 advantages: small size, precision, their degree of resolution can be high, non-contact wear-free; the same species, can detect angle displacement, but also help in the mechanical conversion devices detecting linear displacement; multi-turn absolute optical encoder can detect very long-range straight-line displacement (eg, more than 25 laps). Long life, installation free, the interface forms a rich, reasonable price. Mature technology, many years ago is widely used at home and abroad.
2, disadvantages: Precision but for outdoor and harsh environments offer higher protection requirements; measuring linear displacement is dependent on plant transformation, the need to eliminate the error caused by mechanical clearance; detection of objects in orbit is difficult to overcome the slip.
Optical electronic scale:
1 advantages: precision, their degree of resolution is high (up to 0.005mm); volume is moderate, direct measurement of linear displacement; non-contact wear-free measuring broad gap; an affordable price, the interface forms a rich, has metal-cutting machinery industry in China and abroad get more applications (such as wire cutting, EDM, etc.).
2, disadvantages: Measuring straight line and angle to use a different species; range was limited (range of more than 4m, expensive manufacturing problems), not suitable for a large number of processes in the harsh environment at the implementation of displacement detection.
Gate absolute static magnetic encoder:
1 advantages: Volume is moderate, direct measurement of linear displacement, the absolute number of coding theory, there is no range restriction; non-contact-free wear, anti-poor environment, can be 1,000 meters underwater use; interface, the form of rich, diverse measurement methods; prices still capable of receiving .
2, Disadvantages: resolution is not high degree of 1mm; measuring lines and angles to use a different species; not suitable for a small office in the precise implementation of the displacement detection (greater than 260 millimeters).
17: absolute encoder how to find the origin? 50 locations targeting a 360-degree uniform Dividers do?
Encoding the absolute encoder is a power of 2-th power, there is no 360-degree uniform 50 equal portions, and to approximate to see how high precision, the election how high the number of encoder lines, if the accuracy requirement is not too high, with 8-bit 256-line on it. Encoder, each location has a unique encoding, zero can be used as zero, zero, can also be defined at any position, other positions compared with the calculation.
If you can use a reference point, then can also be incremental, and due to slow, it should be 3000 or more lanes in the election, each circle a zero.
2. Resolution, that is, the work of each encoder output pulse lap number, is designed to be used to meet the required precision.
3. Electrical interface, the encoder outputs are push-pull output common mode (F-type HTL format), voltage output (E), open collector (C, common C for the NPN-tube output, C2 for the PNP-tube output), long-term driver outputs. A manner that its output and its control system interface circuit match.
2 How to use an incremental encoder? 1, incremental rotary encoder with resolution of differences, using the number of pulses generated by each lap to measure the number from 6-5400 or higher, and pulse a few more higher the resolution; this is an important basis for selection of one.
2, incremental encoders are usually three-way signal output (differential and six-channel signal): A, B, and Z, generally use the TTL-level, A pulse in the former, B pulse in the post, A, B pulse difference of 90 degrees, each Circle issued a Z pulse can be used as reference to machine zero. Ahead of the general use of A or B to B ahead of A to contracting, our company is defined as the incremental encoder shaft encoder clockwise to see a positive change, A ahead of B is 90 °, the other hand anti-clockwise rotation for the reverse B ahead of A is 90 °. There are not the same, look at product description.
3, using PLC data collection may make use of high-speed counting module; the use of IPC data collection may make use of high-speed counting board; the use of microcomputer data acquisition, the proposed use with optical coupler input port.
4, the proposed B-pulse becoming obedient to the (forward) Pulse, A pulse did reverse (backward) pulse, Z origin of zero pulse.
5, set up in the electronic device counts the stack
3: from proximity switches, photoelectric switches to the Rotary Encoder: industrial control positioning, proximity switches, photoelectric switches application has been quite mature, and it just works. However, with the IPC continues to develop, there has been new requirements, so that the application of rotary encoders use advantages of the highlights:
Information: In addition to positioning, the control room can also be aware of their specific location;
Flexible: Positioning in the control room flexible adjustment;
On-site installation of convenience and safety, longevity: fist the size of a rotary encoder, can be measured from several μ to dozens, hundreds of meters distance, n a working position, as long as a rotary encoder to solve installation problems of security, you can to avoid a lot of proximity switches, photoelectric switches installed in the field machine trouble, was damaged and was easy to heat, water, gas trouble and other issues. Because it is optical encoder, no mechanical wear and tear, as long as the installation location accuracy of their service life is often very long.
Multi-function: In addition to location, you can also FET current position, velocity conversion for the inverter, stepping motor applications such as particularly important.
Economic-oriented: For multiple control stations, only the cost of a rotary encoder, and more the main installation, maintenance, loss, cost reduction, service life of growth, its economy based increasingly to the fore.
4: Power supply and encoder and PLC connection: General encoder Power Supply There are three: 5Vdc ,5-13 Vdc or 11-26Vdc. If you are buying Encoder is 11-26Vdc, and can use PLC's 24V power supply, take note:
1. Encoder current consumption, in the PLC, Power range.
2. The case of parallel output of the encoder to connect PLC's I / O points, need to know the encoder signal level is a push-pull (or push-pull) output or open collector output, the case of open-collector output, there are N-type and P-type two, the need and the PLC, I / O polarity of the same. The case of push-pull outputs to connect without any problems.
3. Encoder case of driver output, the general signal level is 5V, and the connection time to be careful not to let the 24V power supply into the 5V level string signal wiring damage to the end of the encoder signals.
5: Interference caused by bad wave, resulting in count are not allowed. How to judge? The encoder is a precision components, mainly because of the encoder around the more serious interference, such as: whether there are large electric motors, electric welding machine caused by frequent start-interference, whether the same pipeline and power line transmission.
Choice of what kind of output to the interference is also very important, the general output signal with interference better than the reverse, namely, A ~ A-, B ~ B-, Z ~ Z-, is characterized with the power eight lines, while the than five lines (a total of zero). With a reverse signal in the cable transmission is symmetrical, a small disturbance in the receiving device can also be an additional judge (for example, the signal receiving equipment, the use of A, B signal 90 ° phase difference, read the level of 10,11 , 01,00 four kinds of condition, counted as a valid pulse, this program can effectively improve the system anti-jamming performance (an accurate count)).
Is the encoder also has good and bad, its encoder \ electronic chip \ internal circuit \ signal output vary considerably, which is why a 1000-line incremental encoder from 300 yuan to 3,000 yuan in the reasons for the difference. ① exclusion (relocated, closed, isolated) interference sources, ② to determine whether the cumulative gap for the mechanical errors, ③ to determine whether the control system and the encoder circuit interface does not match the (encoder selection error); ① ② ③ Method else is even trying after the failure the phenomenon of exclusion, may be a preliminary judge, If you do not rule out the need for further analysis.
Encoder to determine whether a simple method is own fault exclusion. Exclusion of the specific method is: the same model with a single encoder to replace up, if the failure phenomenon of the same can basically rule out the possibility encoder failure, because there are two encoders at the same time a small probability of failure events may be small, you can considered as 0. If the same model encoders replace it up, breakdown phenomenon at once removed, can be found is the basic encoder failure.
6: What is long-term drive? Common type encoder can telematics? , Also known as Differential Line Driver Line Driver, 5V, TTL positive and negative waveform symmetry, because of its positive and negative current in the opposite direction, to offset the external electromagnetic field, so anti-interference ability.
Common type encoder general transmission distance is 100 meters, if it is 24V HTL-type and there is a negative signal symmetry, the transmission distance of 300-400 meters.
7: rotary encoder detecting linear displacement method? 1, the use of "flexible Couplings" will be driven rotary encoders and linear displacement of the power unit directly linked spindle axis.
2, using a small gear (spur gear, bevel gear or worm gear) box in conjunction with the power unit shaft.
3, using the straight rack gear to pass on a rotating linear displacement information.
4, in the transmission chain sprocket on a straight-line displacement to obtain the information.
5, in the synchronous belt wheel gain linear displacement information.
6, using the rotating wheel equipped with magnetic linear displacement encoder in the formation of the steel surface to obtain displacement information (to avoid the slip).
7, using a similar "steel tape measure," "may retracting wire assembly" Connect rotary encoder to detect linear displacement information (data processing required to overcome the stacked winding error).
8, similar to 7, using a small torque motor with a "retractable steel wire assembly" Connect rotary encoder to detect linear displacement information (currently in Germany, a similar product, complex structure, almost no laminated winding error)
8: Incremental Grating Z signal can be used as zero? Radial grating encoder How to choose?
Both linear grating or its Z-axis encoder signal can reach with the A \ B the same accuracy as the signal, only one shaft encoder is a circle, while the straight-line grating is a certain distance intervals, with the signal can reach a very a high repeatability. Can first close switch with ordinary first position, and then find the closest Z-signals (each in the same direction to find), filled with hope when the do not forget its phase modulation and phase grating line, otherwise not allowed.
Segmentation accuracy based on your requirements, and resolution requirements selection. High precision, naturally choose a week-lined high accuracy is not high, there is no need to choose the number of high-lined circular grating encoder has.
9: incremental encoder and absolute encoder What's the difference? Servo system how to make a choice? Commonly used for the incremental encoder, if the right position, the stringent requirements of zero-bit absolute-type encoder. Servo system to a specific analysis to see applications.
Measuring the speed with commonly used incremental encoder, unlimited accumulation measurement; measuring absolute position encoder, the location and uniqueness (single ring or multiple ring) with a final look at applications to see to achieve the purpose and requirements.
10: absolute type rotary encoder selection of attention, rotary encoders and proximity switches, photoelectric switches advantage of comparison: absolute encoder lap 8 from the economy to high-precision 17, the price from several hundred dollars to more than 1 trillion range;
The majority of multi-turn absolute encoder with 25-bit, output has SSI, bus, Profibus-DP, Can L2, Interbus, DeviceNet, the price is also available from more than three to more than 1 range.
Rotary optical encoder measuring the angle and length, is already a very mature technology, and today a large number of range then the high-precision absolute-type encoder, greatly increased the accuracy and reliability, but also economical and practical. For now, it is still is a measure of the length of the maximum choice.
11: from an incremental encoder to the absolute encoder: rotary incremental encoder to rotate when the output pulse, through the counting device to know its location, when the encoder is not fixed or a power outage, the device's internal memory to rely on counting to remember the location. Thus, when the power failure, the encoder can not have any movement, when the phone work, the encoder output pulse process can not be lost of interference pulse, otherwise the count will be offset zero memory devices, and this partial the amount of shift is not know, only the production of errors be known until after the outcome.
The solution is to increase the reference point after the encoder for each reference point, a reference location of the amendment into the counting device memory locations. In the reference point before, we can not guarantee the accuracy of the location. To this end, the IPC will have to go first to a reference point for each operation, the boot Keep the change and other methods. Optical encoder absolute encoder that there are many Road groove, each groove followed by a 2 line, 4 lines, 8 lines, 16 lines. . . . . . Arranged, so that every one in the encoder position, by reading the line Every moment pass, dark, get a group from two to two zero-th power n-1 th power of the only two binary code ( Gray code), which is called n-bit absolute encoder. This encoder is a mechanical position by the encoder decide, it is not power failures, interference effects.
Absolute encoder determined by the mechanical position of the uniqueness of each location, it did not have memory, without the need to find a reference point, and do not always count, and when you need to know the location when the position went to read it. In this way, the encoder anti-jamming features, the reliability of data is greatly enhanced.
As the absolute encoder positioning in the location is obviously superior to incremental encoders, has been increasingly applied to industrial control positioning.
Measurement speed can be infinitely need to accumulate measurement, the current incremental encoder in speed applications are still in no position to replace the mainstream.
12: Using the absolute encoder should pay attention to what matters?
I). Mechanical parts:
1. Measuring length and angle measurement, the measured length of how mechanical conversion (there are some in the above description, such as the call is not clear to discussion). Measured angle is 360 degrees inside the (single circle), or may be too 360 degree (multi-turn). The direction of the production process is a rotating cycle to work, or back and forth direction of the work cycle.
2. Shaft connected to install the form, there are axial coupling through the soft link, or sleeve-type connections.
3. Use of the environment: dust, water vapor, vibration, impact?
(B) Electrical parts
1. Connect the output of receiving part of that?
2. Signal form?
3. Resolution requirements?
4. Control requirements?
12: From the single-ring absolute encoder to the multi-turn absolute encoder: rotary single-ring absolute encoder to measure the optical code disk rotating the Road engraved lines in order to obtain a unique code, when more than 360-degree rotation When encoding back to square one, so that is not consistent with the principle of absolute encoding only, so that encoders can be used only within a 360-degree rotation range of measurement, known as the single-ring absolute encoder.
If you want to rotate over 360 degrees range of measurement, it is necessary to use multi-turn absolute encoder.
Encoder manufacturers to use the principle of mechanical clock gears, when the center encoder rotation, through another set of gear transmission encoder (or group of gear, multiple sets of code plate), in a single lap on the basis of coding to increase the number of laps coding, in order to expand the scope of the encoder measurement, so that the absolute encoder is called multi-turn-type absolute encoder, which is also determined by the mechanical position code, the only non-duplication of code for each location, without memory.
Another advantage of multi-turn encoder is due to measuring range, the actual use is often more affluent, so that unnecessary struggling to find zero installation will be an intermediate position can be as a starting point, while greatly simplifying the installation and debugging more difficult.
Multi-turn-type absolute encoder positioning in the length of the obvious advantages, has become increasingly applied to industrial control positioning.
13: absolute-type encoder serial and parallel output information: the absolute encoder output is a number of digital (Gray code or pure binary code), parallel output interface is a little more high-low output, in order to on behalf of digital 1 or 0, for the median absolute encoder is not high, the general form of the output directly as a digital, direct access to PLC or host computer's I / O interface, the output immediately, the connection simple. But the parallel output of the following questions:
1. Must be a Gray code, as the case of a pure binary code, refresh the data may have a number of changes, readings will result in the wrong code in a short time.
2. All interfaces must ensure that the connection is good, because if the individual connection bad point, the point potential is always 0, resulting in the wrong code can not be judged.
3. Transmission distance can not be far, usually 12 meters, for complex environments, preferably isolated.
4. For more digits, to many-core cable, and to ensure that the connection quality, and the resulting difficulty of engineering, the same for the encoder to the same time, there are many nodes in the output to increase the failure rate of the encoder failure.
Parallel: timing, the data also issued; space, each digit of data with the occupation of a cable.
Incremental encoder output is usually parallel output.
Serial output:
Serial output is through the convention, in time, there has a data output, such an agreement known as the communication protocol, which connect the physical form of RS232, RS422 (TTL), RS485 and so on.
Less serial output cable, transmission distance, for the protection and reliability of the encoder will be greatly increased, the number of general high absolute encoders are serial output.
As the absolute encoder of some well-known manufacturers in Germany, so most of the serial output is supporting Germany's Siemens, such as synchronous serial output SSI, PROFIBUS-DP bus type is the output and so on.
Serial output encoder to connect Germany's Siemens equipment is relatively easy, but non-German line connecting the equipment, the interface is the problem, and I offer a variety of interface output devices, can solve this problem.
Serial: time, the data in accordance with convention, there are successively; space, all the data bits are in a group of cable on the (order) issued.
14: Serial Encoder should all be absolute it? Serial is defined as the time agreed, serial output digital code signals, the basic is absolute, but there are also some incremental encoder, through the built-in battery memory of the origin, its You can also place the serial output value, such as the battery cable is not associated or incremental encoder, this is also known as pseudo-absolute encoder, servo system in a number of Japan's more, see. In fact, by its very nature, or an incremental encoder.
15: Why is "an absolute encoder"? "Absolute encoder," as opposed to "incremental encoder" is concerned.
"Absolute encoder," expressed in some way, and remember to use an object's absolute position, angle and number of laps. That, once the position, angle and circle the number of fixed, when the encoder values are indicated only a fixed, including the electricity blackouts after the vote. "Incremental encoder," can not do this. General "incremental encoder" output 2 A, B pulse signal, and a Z (L) the zero bit signal, A, B pulse in each 90-degree phase angle difference. By pulse counting can know position, angle and circle the number of increments, through the A, B pulse signal advance or delay can know the direction of power failure, you must start again from the agreed baseline count. , "Incremental Encoder" for position, angle and circle the number of post-processing needs to be done to re-cast power to do, "re-zero" operation, therefore, "Incremental Encoder" than "absolute encoder" in cheaper price许多.
16: photoelectric encoder, optical electronic scale and static magnetic gate advantages and disadvantages of an absolute encoder? 1 advantages: small size, precision, their degree of resolution can be high, non-contact wear-free; the same species, can detect angle displacement, but also help in the mechanical conversion devices detecting linear displacement; multi-turn absolute optical encoder can detect very long-range straight-line displacement (eg, more than 25 laps). Long life, installation free, the interface forms a rich, reasonable price. Mature technology, many years ago is widely used at home and abroad.
2, disadvantages: Precision but for outdoor and harsh environments offer higher protection requirements; measuring linear displacement is dependent on plant transformation, the need to eliminate the error caused by mechanical clearance; detection of objects in orbit is difficult to overcome the slip.
Optical electronic scale:
1 advantages: precision, their degree of resolution is high (up to 0.005mm); volume is moderate, direct measurement of linear displacement; non-contact wear-free measuring broad gap; an affordable price, the interface forms a rich, has metal-cutting machinery industry in China and abroad get more applications (such as wire cutting, EDM, etc.).
2, disadvantages: Measuring straight line and angle to use a different species; range was limited (range of more than 4m, expensive manufacturing problems), not suitable for a large number of processes in the harsh environment at the implementation of displacement detection.
Gate absolute static magnetic encoder:
1 advantages: Volume is moderate, direct measurement of linear displacement, the absolute number of coding theory, there is no range restriction; non-contact-free wear, anti-poor environment, can be 1,000 meters underwater use; interface, the form of rich, diverse measurement methods; prices still capable of receiving .
2, Disadvantages: resolution is not high degree of 1mm; measuring lines and angles to use a different species; not suitable for a small office in the precise implementation of the displacement detection (greater than 260 millimeters).
17: absolute encoder how to find the origin? 50 locations targeting a 360-degree uniform Dividers do?
Encoding the absolute encoder is a power of 2-th power, there is no 360-degree uniform 50 equal portions, and to approximate to see how high precision, the election how high the number of encoder lines, if the accuracy requirement is not too high, with 8-bit 256-line on it. Encoder, each location has a unique encoding, zero can be used as zero, zero, can also be defined at any position, other positions compared with the calculation.
If you can use a reference point, then can also be incremental, and due to slow, it should be 3000 or more lanes in the election, each circle a zero.
3-wire proximity switch PNP, NPN's the difference?
1, PNP and NPN sensors generally have three pin-out, that is power line VCC, GND, OUT signal output line
1, NPN type
NPN is triggered when a signal, the signal output line OUT and GND connections, equivalent to the output OUT low.
2, PNP type
PNP is triggered when a signal, the signal output line OUT and VCC connections, equivalent to OUT output high power cord.
Multimeter can be used with power measurements, as follows: In the VCC, GND termination on the power supply, I plant close to three-wire switching power supply for the DC12-36V, with a piece of metal type things to put near the switch measured end, its indicator lights, DC voltage with the multimeter test files between OUT and GND voltage (red table pen then OUT, black table pen access GND), if there is voltage, indicating a high potential of the output OUT is a PNP type, if there is no voltage, indicating a low potential output OUT is a NPN type.
2., PNP and NPN type sensor
PNP and NPN transistor sensor is actually using the saturation and cut-off, the output of two different states, belonging to switch-type sensors. But in either case the output signal is the opposite, namely, high and low.
PNP output is low 0, NPN output is high one.
PNP and NPN sensors (switch type) is divided into six categories:
○ 1, NPN-NO (normally open type)
○ 2, NPN-NC (normally closed type)
○ 3, NPN-NC NO (normally open, normally closed a total of type)
○ 4, PNP-NO (normally open type)
○ 5, PNP-NC (normally closed type)
○ 6, PNP-NC NO (normally open, normally closed a total of type)
PNP and NPN sensors generally have three pin-out, that is power line VCC, 0V line, OUT signal output line.
1, NPN type
NPN is triggered when a signal, the signal output line OUT and VCC power line connections, the equivalent output of high power lines.
NPN-NO type, in the absence of the signal is triggered, the output line is left vacant, namely, VCC power line and the OUT-line disconnect; when the signal triggered, OUT and VCC power line voltage is the same, both connected to the output of high power Ping VCC.
NPN-NC type, in the absence of the signal triggered, OUT and VCC power line voltage is the same, the output high VCC; when the signal is triggered, the output line is left vacant, namely, VCC power line and out line disconnected.
NPN-NC NO type, is actually more an output line OUT, the user can choose.
2, PNP type
PNP refers to the signal is triggered, the signal output OUT and 0V line connection, equivalent to the output low 0V.
PNP-NO type, in the absence of the signal is triggered, the output line is vacant, is the 0V line and the OUT-line disconnected. When a signal is triggered, OUT line and 0V lines connected to the same voltage, output low OV.
PNP-NC type, with the PNP-NO-based characteristics of the opposite.
PNP-NC NO type, and the NPN-NC NO type is similar to an extra output line OUT, that is, two signal inversion of the output line.
commonly used is the PNP type, that is, high active state. NPN seldom used.
1, NPN type
NPN is triggered when a signal, the signal output line OUT and GND connections, equivalent to the output OUT low.
2, PNP type
PNP is triggered when a signal, the signal output line OUT and VCC connections, equivalent to OUT output high power cord.
Multimeter can be used with power measurements, as follows: In the VCC, GND termination on the power supply, I plant close to three-wire switching power supply for the DC12-36V, with a piece of metal type things to put near the switch measured end, its indicator lights, DC voltage with the multimeter test files between OUT and GND voltage (red table pen then OUT, black table pen access GND), if there is voltage, indicating a high potential of the output OUT is a PNP type, if there is no voltage, indicating a low potential output OUT is a NPN type.
2., PNP and NPN type sensor
PNP and NPN transistor sensor is actually using the saturation and cut-off, the output of two different states, belonging to switch-type sensors. But in either case the output signal is the opposite, namely, high and low.
PNP output is low 0, NPN output is high one.
PNP and NPN sensors (switch type) is divided into six categories:
○ 1, NPN-NO (normally open type)
○ 2, NPN-NC (normally closed type)
○ 3, NPN-NC NO (normally open, normally closed a total of type)
○ 4, PNP-NO (normally open type)
○ 5, PNP-NC (normally closed type)
○ 6, PNP-NC NO (normally open, normally closed a total of type)
PNP and NPN sensors generally have three pin-out, that is power line VCC, 0V line, OUT signal output line.
1, NPN type
NPN is triggered when a signal, the signal output line OUT and VCC power line connections, the equivalent output of high power lines.
NPN-NO type, in the absence of the signal is triggered, the output line is left vacant, namely, VCC power line and the OUT-line disconnect; when the signal triggered, OUT and VCC power line voltage is the same, both connected to the output of high power Ping VCC.
NPN-NC type, in the absence of the signal triggered, OUT and VCC power line voltage is the same, the output high VCC; when the signal is triggered, the output line is left vacant, namely, VCC power line and out line disconnected.
NPN-NC NO type, is actually more an output line OUT, the user can choose.
2, PNP type
PNP refers to the signal is triggered, the signal output OUT and 0V line connection, equivalent to the output low 0V.
PNP-NO type, in the absence of the signal is triggered, the output line is vacant, is the 0V line and the OUT-line disconnected. When a signal is triggered, OUT line and 0V lines connected to the same voltage, output low OV.
PNP-NC type, with the PNP-NO-based characteristics of the opposite.
PNP-NC NO type, and the NPN-NC NO type is similar to an extra output line OUT, that is, two signal inversion of the output line.
commonly used is the PNP type, that is, high active state. NPN seldom used.
How to use multimeter check the SCR
Sub-way and two-way SCR SCR SCR 2 kinds, all three electrodes. One-way thyristor cathode (K), anode (A), control the pole (G). BTA is equivalent to two parallel single silicon reverse-made. That is one way in which a silicon anode and cathode relative to the other side with its leads, said terminal T2 pole, in which a single silicon cathode-anode connected with another, which leads to terminal T2, said pole, and the remaining, compared with control pole (G).
1, single, bi-directional thyristor discriminant: first as test two poles, if the positive and negative test are not moving the pointer (R × 1 block), may be A, K, or G, A pole (for a one-way thyristor ) may also be T2, T1 or T2, G pole (for bi-directional SCR). If one has a measurement direction for the tens to hundreds of Europe, use a one-way thyristor. Hong Bi, K and then by a very, black pen then for G polar, and the remaining shall be A great. If positive, the reverse test instructions are tens to hundreds of Europe, use a bidirectional thyristor. Knob and then allocated to the R × 1, or R × 10 block retest, which must have a resistance slightly larger, then the larger one for the G Hongbi then very, black pen by then most of T1, T2 rest is a very .
2, the performance difference: The dial knob to the R × 1 block, for 1 ~ 6A-way thyristor, then K Hong Bi polar, black pen at the same time connected to G, A pole, keeping out of black ink is not very state of A Next disconnect the G pole, indicators should be instructed to dozens of Europe to the 100 in Europe, at this time SCR has been triggered, and the trigger voltage is low (or trigger current small). A very transient and then disconnect and then connect, the pointer should be returned to ∞ position, it indicates that SCR good.
For the 1 ~ 6A Triacs, Hong Bi then T1 pole, black pen with simultaneous access by G, T2 pole, in ensuring that the black pen from the T2 does not disconnect G, under the premise of a very great, the pointer should be directed to a few dozen to more than 100 Europe (as the thyristor current size, manufacturers vary). And then 2 pen swap, repeat the above steps measuring time, a pointer directed but also slightly larger than the last time a dozen to a few dozen in Europe, indicates that the silicon well, and the trigger voltage (or current) small.
If the pole to keep connected to A or when the T2 pole disconnect G pole position of the pointer immediately returned ∞, then SCR trigger current is too large or damaged. According to Figure 2 ways to further measurements, for a one-way thyristor, closed switch K, lights should be shiny, disconnect K lamp is still not extinguished, or explain SCR damage.
1, single, bi-directional thyristor discriminant: first as test two poles, if the positive and negative test are not moving the pointer (R × 1 block), may be A, K, or G, A pole (for a one-way thyristor ) may also be T2, T1 or T2, G pole (for bi-directional SCR). If one has a measurement direction for the tens to hundreds of Europe, use a one-way thyristor. Hong Bi, K and then by a very, black pen then for G polar, and the remaining shall be A great. If positive, the reverse test instructions are tens to hundreds of Europe, use a bidirectional thyristor. Knob and then allocated to the R × 1, or R × 10 block retest, which must have a resistance slightly larger, then the larger one for the G Hongbi then very, black pen by then most of T1, T2 rest is a very .
2, the performance difference: The dial knob to the R × 1 block, for 1 ~ 6A-way thyristor, then K Hong Bi polar, black pen at the same time connected to G, A pole, keeping out of black ink is not very state of A Next disconnect the G pole, indicators should be instructed to dozens of Europe to the 100 in Europe, at this time SCR has been triggered, and the trigger voltage is low (or trigger current small). A very transient and then disconnect and then connect, the pointer should be returned to ∞ position, it indicates that SCR good.
For the 1 ~ 6A Triacs, Hong Bi then T1 pole, black pen with simultaneous access by G, T2 pole, in ensuring that the black pen from the T2 does not disconnect G, under the premise of a very great, the pointer should be directed to a few dozen to more than 100 Europe (as the thyristor current size, manufacturers vary). And then 2 pen swap, repeat the above steps measuring time, a pointer directed but also slightly larger than the last time a dozen to a few dozen in Europe, indicates that the silicon well, and the trigger voltage (or current) small.
If the pole to keep connected to A or when the T2 pole disconnect G pole position of the pointer immediately returned ∞, then SCR trigger current is too large or damaged. According to Figure 2 ways to further measurements, for a one-way thyristor, closed switch K, lights should be shiny, disconnect K lamp is still not extinguished, or explain SCR damage.
What is the RS232, RS422, RS485 solution
1, RS-232-C
RS-232-C is the American Electronics Industry Association EIA (Electronic Industry Association) to develop a kind of serial physical interface standard. RS is in English "recommended standard" abbreviation, 232 for the identification number, C indicated that the number of changes. RS-232-C bus standard equipped with 25 signal lines, including a main channel and an auxiliary channel.
In most cases, mainly in the main channel, for general duplex communication, only a few signal lines can be achieved, such as a transmission line, a receiving line and a ground wire.
RS-232-C standard specifies the data transfer rate per second 50,75,100,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200 Porter.
RS-232-C standard requirements, the drive allows 2500pF capacitive load, communication distance will be affected by this capacitance limits, for example, use of 150pF / m communication cable, the maximum communication distance of 15m; if the cable capacitance per meter decreases communications distance can be increased. Another reason for the short transmission distance is the RS-232 is a single-ended signal transmission, there is common ground can not suppress common mode noise and interference problems and therefore are generally used for communication within 20m.
2, RS-485
RS-485 bus, demands for the communication distance of tens of meters to the previous 1000 meters, the widely used RS-485 Serial Bus
RS-485 uses differential balanced send and receive, and therefore has the ability to suppress common mode interference. Bus Transceiver with high sensitivity, can detect voltages as low as 200mV, so the signal can be transmitted outside of 1000 meters to be restored.
RS-485 half-duplex mode, any time there can be only one point in the sending state, therefore, to send the circuit to be controlled by the enable signal.
RS-485 for multi-point interconnection is very convenient, you can dispense with a number of signal lines. Application of RS-485 can constitute a network distributed system, which allows a maximum of 32 drives in parallel, and 32 sets receiver.
3, RS-422
RS422 bus, RS485, and RS422 circuit is basically the same principles are based on differential way to send and receive without digital ground.
Differential is the same rate of transmission distance and under the conditions of the root causes, which is the fundamental difference between the two with the RS232, because RS232 is a single-ended input and output, duplex digital ground at least at work. A transmission line and receive line 3 line (asynchronous transmission), you can also add other control lines to complete the synchronization functions.
RS422 full-duplex through the work of two pairs of twisted pair transceiver can not affect each other, but only half-duplex RS485 work, income can not be made at the same time, but it only needs a pair of twisted-pair.
RS422 and RS485 can be transmitted in the 19kpbs under 1,200 meters. Line with the new transceiver devices can be connected.
RS-232-C is the American Electronics Industry Association EIA (Electronic Industry Association) to develop a kind of serial physical interface standard. RS is in English "recommended standard" abbreviation, 232 for the identification number, C indicated that the number of changes. RS-232-C bus standard equipped with 25 signal lines, including a main channel and an auxiliary channel.
In most cases, mainly in the main channel, for general duplex communication, only a few signal lines can be achieved, such as a transmission line, a receiving line and a ground wire.
RS-232-C standard specifies the data transfer rate per second 50,75,100,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200 Porter.
RS-232-C standard requirements, the drive allows 2500pF capacitive load, communication distance will be affected by this capacitance limits, for example, use of 150pF / m communication cable, the maximum communication distance of 15m; if the cable capacitance per meter decreases communications distance can be increased. Another reason for the short transmission distance is the RS-232 is a single-ended signal transmission, there is common ground can not suppress common mode noise and interference problems and therefore are generally used for communication within 20m.
2, RS-485
RS-485 bus, demands for the communication distance of tens of meters to the previous 1000 meters, the widely used RS-485 Serial Bus
RS-485 uses differential balanced send and receive, and therefore has the ability to suppress common mode interference. Bus Transceiver with high sensitivity, can detect voltages as low as 200mV, so the signal can be transmitted outside of 1000 meters to be restored.
RS-485 half-duplex mode, any time there can be only one point in the sending state, therefore, to send the circuit to be controlled by the enable signal.
RS-485 for multi-point interconnection is very convenient, you can dispense with a number of signal lines. Application of RS-485 can constitute a network distributed system, which allows a maximum of 32 drives in parallel, and 32 sets receiver.
3, RS-422
RS422 bus, RS485, and RS422 circuit is basically the same principles are based on differential way to send and receive without digital ground.
Differential is the same rate of transmission distance and under the conditions of the root causes, which is the fundamental difference between the two with the RS232, because RS232 is a single-ended input and output, duplex digital ground at least at work. A transmission line and receive line 3 line (asynchronous transmission), you can also add other control lines to complete the synchronization functions.
RS422 full-duplex through the work of two pairs of twisted pair transceiver can not affect each other, but only half-duplex RS485 work, income can not be made at the same time, but it only needs a pair of twisted-pair.
RS422 and RS485 can be transmitted in the 19kpbs under 1,200 meters. Line with the new transceiver devices can be connected.
Siemens Torque Motor ERN Encoder adjustment
1. Unloading open motor rear cover, rear cover encoder
2. Release encoder mounting screws
4. Remove encoder, attention to handling the time to make use of special screws (which can produce their own one, seems to be 5mm of) top out to avoid damage to the encoder
Installation of encoder:
1, in the servo motor 45 degree angle where there is a sign of the circular depression (about 4 or 5mm in diameter is a look), while in the servo motor shaft is also a very significant mark, that this mark alignment the center of a circular mark, even if the motor shaft mark mark center circle coincides with that (we remember marking 1). To start the installation after the encoder.
2, in the encoder inside a tag (from the back of the encoder to look forward, to look very carefully, possible encoder of this tag may not be clear), while outside of the encoder (from the back look to the future can be saw) also has a flag, the encoder mark these two overlap (remember to tag 2), and then you can put on the servo motor encoder according to the (Note: The installation must be to make a mark and tag two overlap). In short, that is, so that the four markers coincidence!
The above are my personal installation process. After installation using normal. If the installation appears on the screen after the soft-limit alarm (both displayed on the screen is larger than the value of Axis-specific machine data parameters (if yes MD36100) set the soft limit value will appear when the alarm), then we have need to shake hands on the back of the shaft prior to demolition of the value on the screen.
Here are some book information, may be appropriate to do reference.
1. Unloading open motor rear cover, rear cover encoder
2. Release encoder mounting screws
3. Rotating rotor shaft, so that the encoder rotor encoder on the signs and marks on the shell overlap
4. Remove encoder, attention to handling the time out to make use of a special screw top to avoid damage to the encoder
5. Rotation of new encoders, so that the two signs coincide encoder
6. According to the above reverse order to install the encoder
Note: In the process of installing the encoder, to ensure that the rotor different, otherwise they will lose the relative position of the rotor, if the loss of the relative position of the old motor will need to use the oscilloscope to adjust the installation position of the encoder, the new motor can be based on a sign of rotor shaft to adjust the encoder to determine the installation location, which can be mechanical adjustments, you can also adjust the drive parameters MD1016 to set an offset value, but the method can only be used in the 840D, through this method to adjust the motor change to other machine tool use may be due to the different driving parameters can not work properly.
2. Release encoder mounting screws
4. Remove encoder, attention to handling the time to make use of special screws (which can produce their own one, seems to be 5mm of) top out to avoid damage to the encoder
Installation of encoder:
1, in the servo motor 45 degree angle where there is a sign of the circular depression (about 4 or 5mm in diameter is a look), while in the servo motor shaft is also a very significant mark, that this mark alignment the center of a circular mark, even if the motor shaft mark mark center circle coincides with that (we remember marking 1). To start the installation after the encoder.
2, in the encoder inside a tag (from the back of the encoder to look forward, to look very carefully, possible encoder of this tag may not be clear), while outside of the encoder (from the back look to the future can be saw) also has a flag, the encoder mark these two overlap (remember to tag 2), and then you can put on the servo motor encoder according to the (Note: The installation must be to make a mark and tag two overlap). In short, that is, so that the four markers coincidence!
The above are my personal installation process. After installation using normal. If the installation appears on the screen after the soft-limit alarm (both displayed on the screen is larger than the value of Axis-specific machine data parameters (if yes MD36100) set the soft limit value will appear when the alarm), then we have need to shake hands on the back of the shaft prior to demolition of the value on the screen.
Here are some book information, may be appropriate to do reference.
1. Unloading open motor rear cover, rear cover encoder
2. Release encoder mounting screws
3. Rotating rotor shaft, so that the encoder rotor encoder on the signs and marks on the shell overlap
4. Remove encoder, attention to handling the time out to make use of a special screw top to avoid damage to the encoder
5. Rotation of new encoders, so that the two signs coincide encoder
6. According to the above reverse order to install the encoder
Note: In the process of installing the encoder, to ensure that the rotor different, otherwise they will lose the relative position of the rotor, if the loss of the relative position of the old motor will need to use the oscilloscope to adjust the installation position of the encoder, the new motor can be based on a sign of rotor shaft to adjust the encoder to determine the installation location, which can be mechanical adjustments, you can also adjust the drive parameters MD1016 to set an offset value, but the method can only be used in the 840D, through this method to adjust the motor change to other machine tool use may be due to the different driving parameters can not work properly.
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